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„Astronauci” to pierwsza powieść S. Lema o podróżach międzygwiezdnych. Rodzi się w niej nowy rodzaj bohatera, zostaje wykreowany pewien typ narratora, który będzie wielokrotnie przewijał się w lemowskich powieściach. Zobaczymy tu też, pewną beznadziejność wkradającą się w jego wizje o kontakcie z kosmicznymi braćmi w rozumie.